PART – A

 

1.      Printing 

·        Transferring ink on to paper or any other material is called printing.

·        Letter press, offset, gravure, flexography and screen printing are types of printing methods 

    2.      EM space 

·        An em is an unit in the field of typography.

·        An em space is a term derived from the width of the capital “M”.

 3.      Font 

·        A font is a set of printable text character in a specific style & size.

·        It is measured in point size. Times New Roman, Arial some of the examples of font face.

 4.      Pamphlet 

·        A small leaflet containing information about a single subject is called pamphlet.

·        It may consist of a single sheet of paper that is printed on single side or both sides.

        5.      Sensitized plate 

·        It is a printing plate used in offset printing.

·        It is already have a coating of light-sensitive material, so they can be directly be exposed.

 6.      Monotype 

·        It is a single piece of hot metal type (letter) used in letter press printing.

·        Single pieces of type fonts are composed to form words, lines and paragraph.

 7.      Unity 

·        It is one of the principles of design.

·        It means the elements in the design belongs together.  

        8.      RGB / additive colors 

·        It is called additive primary colours.

·        By mixing of these three colors we get white color.

·        Mixing of red and green produce Yellow, red and blue produce Magenta, blue and green Cyan. 

        9.      CMYK / subtractive colors 

·        It is called as subtractive primary colors.

·        By mixing these three colors we get black color.

·        Mixing of yellow and magenta produce Red, cyan and yellow produce green and cyan and magenta produce blue colors.

 10. Letter spacing 

·        This is the space between the letters in a word.

·        It is called kerning.

·        It is to adjust the space in a word or sentence.

 11. Balance 

·        It is one of the principles of design which equally distributes the object on both the sides.

·        It can be symmetrical or asymmetrical balance.

 12. Bold face / Type weight 

·        A typeface with dark and heavy strokes is called bold face.

·        Ex – Arial black, Badoni, etc or we can give bold effect to normal font 

        13. Brochure 

·        A brochure is an informative document, that can be folded into a template, or leaflet.

·        Brochures are advertising pieces mainly used to introduce a company to inform about the product.

 14. Linotype 

·        A line cast in a single piece is called linotype.

·        This is used in letterpress printing.

·        Here no manual composition of word or line. 

        15. Matrix 

·        It is used to prepare linotype hot metal.

·        It is used in letter press printing.

·        A single line is cast in a single piece using matrix.

 16. Sans serif 

·        Typeface is one that does not have the small projecting features called sans serif.

·        The font has uniform thickness of strokes

·        Example – Arial, Verdana, Tahoma.

 17. Type size 

·        This is the size of the type font whether big or small in size.

·        It is measured in point size. Ex-  12 point, 24 point.

 18. Primary colors 

·        Sets of colors that can be combined to make a useful range of colors.

·        Red, yellow, and blue are the primary colors. 

 19. Secondary colors 

·        A colour resulting from the mixing of two primary colours is called secondary colors.

·        Violet, orange, and green are the secondary colors.

 20. Doctor blade 

·        It is used in gravure printing.

·        A thin plastic strip which is used to wipe excess ink from gravure cylinder is called doctor blade.

 21. Rubber blanket 

·        It is used in off-set printing process.

·        It is a rubber material which is tightly fixed on the blanket cylinder.

·        It gets image from plate cylinder and transferred on to paper. 

        22. Resolution 

·        Number of pixels per square inch/cm is called resolution.

·        The bitmap images quality are determined by resolution. Ex 300 DPI.

        23. Vector image 

·        Vector images are made up of lines and curves.

·        It is measurement based drawings.

·        The image quality will not be lost when enlarging the size.

 24. Drum scanner 

·        It is used to scan large size images in a high resolution.

·        Rotating drum is used to scan the image. 

        25. Grid 

·        A horizontal and vertical line that cross each other to form a series of squares or rectangles is called grid.

·        It is available in all the designing software’s to align the object.

 26. Screen printing 

·        It is a printing technique whereby a screen is used to transfer ink onto paper.

·        The squeegee is used to transfer the ink onto paper.

·        This printing method is used for low quantity printing.

 27. Halftone 

·        It simulates continuous tone imagery through the use of dots, varying either in size or in spacing, thus generating a gradient like effect.

·        Images are converted into halftone before it goes to letterpress printing

 28. Symmetrical balance 

·        The visual weight is distributed evenly, either vertically or horizontally

·        If you cut the design in half, the left and right are mirror images of each other. 

        29. Hot metal type 

·        Monotype and linotype metals are called as hot metal types.

·        The hot metal in the molten state is formed as metal font.

 30. Leading 

·        Providing space between the lines is called leading.

·        This is to adjust the space in a paragraph.

        31. Colour theory 

·        It is a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual effects of a specific color combination.

·        Ex – primary color, secondary color and tertiary color.    

        32. Type casting 

·        Preparing monotype and linotype is called type casting.

·        The metal is heated, and the type fonts are casted in the machine.

 33. Die cutting 

·        Male and female dies are there to cut the paper or board and to create a specific shape.

·        Ex- Box making involves the process of die cutting to cut out unwanted areas to make box.

 34. Advantages of laser printer

·        It produces high quality printing.

·        The print out we get is at high resolution.

·        It is the fastest method of printing suitable for low quantity.

 35. Planography 

·        Offset printing is otherwise called as planography printing.

·        Because image and non-image areas are at same level in offset plate.

 36. Use of chart 

·        Charts are used to present the data in an understanding manner.

·        Bar chart, pie chart, line chart are some of the chart types used to present the data.

 37. Page makeup 

·        It is arranging the page for printing.

·        The elements of the page are arranged in a systematic manner.

 38. PS plate 

·        It is abbreviated as Pre Sensitized plate.

·        It is a coated Aluminium plate used for offset plate making.

 39. Ink drying 

·        Drying is the process happens after printing.

·        Ink gets dry by oxidation method, and hot air blower method.

 40. DTP 

·        It is abbreviated as Desk Top Publishing.

·        We can design using software and take small number of print outs using computer and printer.

·        Photoshop, Indesign, Illustrator software’s are used in DTP

 41. Pre-press 

·        It is the work done before the final printing.

·        Art work preparing, negative and positive making, plate making, proof reading are some of the pre press works.

 42.Copy fitting 

·        Copy means the text and picture elements used in the page makeup.

·        Based on the space given, the text or picture size is modified.

 43. Contrast 

·        It refers to the arrangement of opposite elements (light vs. dark colors, rough vs. smooth textures, large vs. small shapes, etc.) in a piece so as to create visual interest, excitement and drama.

·        Contrast helps organize design and establish a hierarchy which simply shows which parts of the design are most important

 44. Form 

·        An object, usually in the shape of a block or a plate, used in printing to apply ink on the printed surface.

·        In typesetting, a form is imposed by a stoneman  when he assembles the loose components of a page into a locked arrangement, inside a chase, ready for printing

 45. Bromide / Photographic paper 

·        Photographic printing paper coated with silver bromide emulsion.

·        It is sensitive to light to be used for large size photo prints.  

        46. X height 

·        In typography, the x-height refers to the distance between the baseline and the mean line in a typeface.

·        This is the height of the letter x in the font, as well as the u, v, w, and z.

 47. Imprint 

·        Imprint is an identification of a publisher; a publisher’s name along with the date and address and edition that is printed at the bottom of the title page.

·        An imprint of a publisher is a trade name under which it publishes a work.

·        A single publishing company may have multiple imprints.

 48. Resolution 

·        The number of pixels per unit of length in a design or monitor is resolution.

·        It is usually measured in pixels per inch (ppi).

·        It determines the quality of image.

 49. Broad sheet 

·        A broadsheet is the largest newspaper format and is characterized by long vertical pages (typically 22.5 in (57 cm)).

·        Other common newspaper formats include the smaller Berliner and Tabloid formats.

 50. Proto type 

·        Prototyping is essentially a mockup of your design, visualizing roughly how it should be in its final (ie, printed) format.

·        These printed materials are usually a bit more complex, need folds and therefore deserve special attention before they are produced.

 51. Galley / Chase

·        Galley proofs or galleys are metal trays into which type was laid and tightened into place.

·        A small proof press would then be used to print a limited number of copies for proofreading.

 52. Ligature 

·        A ligature is a special character that combines two (or sometimes three) characters into a single character.

·        The “fi” and “fl” are examples of ligature 

        53. Intaglio / Gravure / Sunken printing 

·        Intaglio printing is the opposite of relief printing, in that the printing is done from ink that is below the surface of the plate.

·        The design is cut, scratched, or etched into the printing surface or plate, which can be copper, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, plastics, or even coated paper.

 54. Digital press 

·        Digital printing refers to methods of printing from a digital-based image directly to a variety of media.

·        It refers to professional printing where small-run jobs from desktop publishing and other digital printing include banner

 55. Type setter 

·        A typesetter is a graphic design professional who lays out text in preparation for printing or publishing.

·        They format, style and arrange text and illustrations for publications.

 56. Folio line 

·        The folio line is the line of text, usually at the top, but sometimes at the bottom, on a newspaper page that lists the name of the paper, the date of publication and the page number.

·        It is a way of arranging sheets of papers in magazine, by folding them in certain manner

 57. Paste up 

·        An assembly of typeset matter, illustrations, etc, pasted on a sheet of paper or board and used as a guide or layout in the production of a publication

·        A professional known variously as a paste-up artist, layout artist, mechanical artist, production artist, or compositor would cut the type into sections and arrange it carefully across multiple columns.

 58. Process color 

·        Process colors refers to the CMYK color model used in offset printing.

·        An image is separated into the four colors and printed as a series of dots.

·        When viewed, the dots are blended and appear as solid colors to the human eye

 59. Chroma (color) 

·        Chroma refers to the degree of vividness of a color, or how pure it is compared to its representative on the color wheel.

·        It can also be called saturation, or color intensity.

 60. En space 

·        An en space is a rectangular piece of metal or wood

·        This is mainly to provide negative space (space between words) in printing

 61. DPI (Dots Per Inch) 

·        DPI is used to measure the resolution of an image both on screen and in print.

·        The DPI measures how many dots fit into a linear inch.

·        The higher the DPI, the more detail can be shown in an image.

 62. Slug 

·        The area outside the printing and bleed areas of a document is called slug.

·        It contains the registration mark and other printing instructions for the printer.

 63. Newsprint 

·        The type of paper used for making a newspaper is called newsprint.

·        It is a low quality paper.

·        Newsprint is a low-cost, most commonly used to print newspapers and other publications and advertising material.

 64. Colour filters 

·        Colour filters are used in colour separation process.

·        It is a sheet of transparent material that modifies a light beam by selective absorption of some colours in relation to others.

 65. Thumbnail 

·        Thumbnails are small sketches to visualize any idea in a short amount of time.

·        Thumbnail sketches are “used to explore multiple ideas quickly

·        It does not contains exact designing information’s 

        66. Pica 

·        A pica contains 12 points in typography.

·        Picas are typically used to represent fixed horizontal measurements

·        They are commonly used when designing newspapers, magazines, newsletters, and ads.

·        Picas are designated with the letter p, such as 16p.

 67. Johannes Gutenberg 

·        He is called as father of printing.

·        Johannes Gutenberg was a German blacksmith and inventor known for developing the first mechanical moveable type printing press.

·        He was a German goldsmith, inventor, printer, and publisher who introduced printing to Europe with the printing press

 68. Papyrus 

·        Papyrus is made from papyrus plant that grows on the banks of the Nile River in Egypt.

·        Papyrus is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface.

 69. Ludlow 

·        A Ludlow Typograph is a hot metal typesetting system used in letterpress printing.

·        It was used to print large-type material such as newspaper headlines or posters.

 70. Point 

·        In typography, the point is the smallest unit of measure.

·        It is used for measuring font size, leading, and other items on a printed page. 

 71. Display type 

·        Type set larger than 14 point is usually considered to be “display” type, whether it appears on a billboard or poster, a book or an advertisement in a magazine.

·        Also known as headline type, its objective is to attract and hold a viewer’s attention.

 72. Gutter 

·        The gutter margin is a typographical term used to designate an additional margin added to a page layout.

·        In a facing pages layout the gutter margin is on the very inside of both pages.

 73. Web offset 

·        Web offset is a form of offset printing in which a continuous roll of paper is fed through the printing press.

·        Pages are separated and cut to size after they have been printed. 

·        Web offset printing is used for high-volume publications such as mass-market books, magazines, newspapers, catalogs and brochures.

 74. Composing stick 

·        In letterpress printing and typesetting, a composing stick is a tray-like tool used to assemble pieces of metal type into words and lines

·        Composed texts are then transferred to a galley before being locked into a form and printed.

 75. Squeegee 

·        A tool possessing a wooden or metal handle to which is attached a thin, flexible rubber or plastic blade.

·        A squeegee is used in screen printing to force ink through the printing screen and onto the printing material. 

        76. Cartridge 

·        Cartridge is a component of an inkjet printer that contains the ink that is deposited onto paper during printing.

·        Each ink cartridge contains one or more ink reservoirs

 77. Serif 

·        In typography, a serif is a small line or stroke attached to the end of a larger stroke in a font.

·        A typeface or “font family” making use of serifs is called a serif typeface

·        A typeface that does not include them is a sans-serif font

 78. Masthead 

·        In publishing, a masthead is a list at the top of a page that includes the names of editors, writers, and owners, as well as the title of the newspaper or magazine.

·        You’ll usually find the masthead on one of the first few pages.

 79. Image setter 

·        An image setter is an ultra-high resolution large-format computer output device

·        A very high-quality type of colour printer used to print glossy magazines, newsletters, or other documents.

 80. Cold composition 

·        Cold type is a simple and economic method of preparing text by machines

·        It resembles ordinary typewriters but capable of producing justified lines in type.

 81. Mini offset 

·        Mini offset is a small size offset machine mainly used for low quantity printing

·        It is simple to operate and low production cost.